Sediment-dwelling organisms in estuaries

Because sediment-dwelling organisms respond predictably to many kinds of natural and human-made stresses or disturbances they have been widely used as indicators of estuary health in environmental monitoring programmes worldwide. Changes in the types and abundance of animals present within an estuary may indicate the effects of localised disturbances (e.g. channel dredging) or regional-scale pressures or activities (e.g. terrigenous sediment, nutrient enrichment).